By Anushka Asthana, Political Correspondent
Teenagers would be taught to become chefs, carers and health workers at a network of "career colleges" under new plans.
Students would be able to leave the traditional classroom two years early to enter the colleges at the age of 14.
They would still be taught core subjects such as English and science and do GCSEs but also focus heavily on a specialist subject.
The radical colleges - modelled on technical schools in New York - are the brainchild of former Tory education secretary Lord Baker.
He says urgent action is needed to tackle a skills gap that has left one million young people unemployed and jobs filled by those from overseas.
Lord Baker wants urgent action "It is about time that we filled this gap with our own young people," he wrote in The Independent.
"By starting at 14, youngsters have a head start in preparing for the world of work as they do in Austria, Denmark and the Netherlands, where youth unemployment is much lower."
The peer is outlining plans for 40 new colleges to be opened over four years, starting with one in Oldham next year.
He hopes to build on the success of his network of "university technical colleges" (UTCs) which are based on a similar model but with a focus on science and engineering.
There are 17 UTCs with 27 more in the pipeline.
Students under 16 spend 60% of time on traditional subjects and the rest on their specialism.
The first to open was the JCB academy in Staffordshire which has been highly successful in its GCSE results, with all students gaining five A* to C's including in engineering.
David Cameron praised the college in his speech at his party's annual conference in Manchester earlier this month.
"We in this Party are ambitious for all our children and we have got to finish the job we started," he told Tory members.
"We have already got technical colleges run by great companies like JCB. I say: let's have one of those colleges in every single major town."
Lord Baker is being supported by Tory minister for skills Matthew Hancock, although officials have played down the plans.
A spokesman from the Department of Education said: "These are proposals from Lord Baker. It is not Government policy."
Critics have also warned that 14 is too young for children to specialise so heavily in one area.
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